{ "definitions": { "volume": "events in the year (publications + revisions)", "churn": "revision events in the year / laws in force that year", "instability": "share of laws in force revised at least once in the year", "median_gap_months": "median months since the same law's previous event, over the year's revisions", "scopes": "federal, cantonal, and all — 'all' is computed over the pooled events, not averaged from the other two", "lines_changed": "lines added + removed per revision, summed (federal in practice — see coverage)", "words_changed": "words added + removed per revision, summed — the text-change measure that covers federal AND cantonal law, because the cantonal versions are diffed from LexFind's version series rather than from this corpus (see coverage)", "articles_in_revised_laws": "articles of the laws revised that year, summed over the year's revisions — the article-weight of revision activity, not a count of articles that changed (federal and cantonal alike)", "weighted_churn": "lines changed / laws in force", "word_churn": "words changed / laws in force", "article_churn": "articles in revised laws / laws in force", "laws_in_force": "laws whose publication year is on or before this year and whose repeal, if recorded, is after it" }, "coverage": { "lines_changed_scope": "federal", "lines_changed_measured": { "cantonal": { "revisions": 73117, "revisions_with_delta": 307, "share": 0.0042 }, "federal": { "revisions": 33229, "revisions_with_delta": 10110, "share": 0.3043 } }, "words_changed_scope": "federal and cantonal", "words_changed_measured": { "cantonal": { "revisions": 73117, "revisions_with_delta": 12530, "share": 0.1714 }, "federal": { "revisions": 33229, "revisions_with_delta": 3456, "share": 0.104 } }, "words_changed_cantons": { "measured": [ "AG", "AI", "AR", "BE", "BL", "BS", "FR", "GE", "GL", "GR", "JU", "LU", "NE", "NW", "OW", "SG", "SH", "SO", "TG", "TI", "UR", "VD", "VS", "ZG", "ZH" ], "in_corpus": [ "AG", "AI", "AR", "BE", "BL", "BS", "FR", "GE", "GL", "GR", "JU", "LU", "NE", "NW", "OW", "SG", "SH", "SO", "SZ", "TG", "TI", "UR", "VD", "VS", "ZG", "ZH" ], "note": "the cantonal version crawl runs one canton at a time, so the cantonal share above is not spread evenly across the country: the cantons listed under 'measured' carry all of it and the rest carry none. Cantonal text-change figures are figures for those cantons, not for cantonal law as a whole, until the list covers the corpus." }, "words_changed_note": "the same question the line measure answers — how much text did this revision move — asked of a source that has cantonal versions. Federal revisions are diffed from the two markdown versions this corpus holds. Cantonal revisions are diffed from LexFind's own version series: every cantonal act publishes each version it ever had as a PDF, and consecutive versions are fetched, extracted and compared. Counted in words, not lines, because a line is a unit of layout and the two sources lay text out differently, while a word is a word in both. Page furniture (running headers, footers, repeated short lines) is stripped before the comparison, and a version whose text is identical to its predecessor is recorded as no change rather than as a revision of size zero. A law's first known version has nothing to compare against and carries no magnitude, in either scope.", "lines_changed_note": "delta comes from git numstat on the backdated consolidation commits, and diffing needs two recorded versions of a file. Federal law has a version history; the cantonal corpus was imported at one version per law, so almost no cantonal revision has anything to diff against — see lines_changed_measured for the share actually measured in each scope. What cantonal lines do exist are concentrated in the years the corpus was being built, which would read as a surge in legislative activity, so the page reports no cantonal lines rather than zero lines. Each law's earliest recorded version carries no delta either — that commit is the text entering the corpus, not the law changing.", "articles_in_revised_laws_scope": "federal and cantonal", "articles_in_revised_laws_note": "counted from the markdown body, which every law in the corpus has, so this magnitude has no scope gap. It credits each revision with the whole article count of the law revised — the corpus records the text before and after, not which articles the revision rewrote, so this measures how much law was under revision, not how much of it changed. It uses the law's current article count: exact for recent years, anachronistic for old ones." }, "by_year": { "1562": { "all": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 1, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 1, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1564": { "all": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 2, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 2, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1632": { "all": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 3, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 3, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1726": { "all": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 4, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 4, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1749": { "all": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 5, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 5, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1756": { "all": { "volume": 2, "publications": 1, "revisions": 1, "laws_in_force": 6, "laws_revised": 1, "churn": 0.1667, "instability": 0.1667, "median_gap_months": 0.3, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 2, "publications": 1, "revisions": 1, "laws_in_force": 6, "laws_revised": 1, "churn": 0.1667, "instability": 0.1667, "median_gap_months": 0.3, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1774": { "all": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 7, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "federal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 1, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1780": { "all": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 8, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 7, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1787": { "all": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 9, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 8, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1800": { "all": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 10, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 9, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1802": { "all": { "volume": 3, "publications": 3, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 13, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 3, "publications": 3, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 12, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1803": { "all": { "volume": 15, "publications": 14, "revisions": 1, "laws_in_force": 27, "laws_revised": 1, "churn": 0.037, "instability": 0.037, "median_gap_months": 0.3, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 3, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": 0.1 }, "cantonal": { "volume": 15, "publications": 14, "revisions": 1, "laws_in_force": 26, "laws_revised": 1, "churn": 0.0385, "instability": 0.0385, "median_gap_months": 0.3, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 3, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": 0.1 } }, "1804": { "all": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 28, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 27, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1807": { "all": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 29, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 28, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1808": { "all": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 30, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 29, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1815": { "all": { "volume": 6, "publications": 6, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 36, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 5, "publications": 5, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 34, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "federal": { "volume": 1, 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"churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 36, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1824": { "all": { "volume": 2, "publications": 2, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 40, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 2, "publications": 2, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 38, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1825": { "all": { "volume": 9, "publications": 9, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 49, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 9, "publications": 9, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 47, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1826": { "all": { "volume": 5, "publications": 1, "revisions": 4, "laws_in_force": 50, "laws_revised": 4, "churn": 0.08, "instability": 0.08, "median_gap_months": 5.0, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 21, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": 0.4 }, "cantonal": { "volume": 5, "publications": 1, "revisions": 4, "laws_in_force": 48, "laws_revised": 4, "churn": 0.0833, "instability": 0.0833, "median_gap_months": 5.0, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 21, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": 0.4 } }, "1828": { "all": { "volume": 24, "publications": 21, "revisions": 3, "laws_in_force": 71, "laws_revised": 3, "churn": 0.0423, "instability": 0.0423, "median_gap_months": 0.2, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 71, "articles_in_revised_laws": 2, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": 1.0, "article_churn": 0.0 }, "cantonal": { "volume": 23, "publications": 20, "revisions": 3, "laws_in_force": 68, "laws_revised": 3, "churn": 0.0441, "instability": 0.0441, "median_gap_months": 0.2, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 71, "articles_in_revised_laws": 2, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": 1.0, "article_churn": 0.0 }, "federal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 3, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1829": { "all": { "volume": 5, "publications": 2, "revisions": 3, "laws_in_force": 73, "laws_revised": 3, "churn": 0.0411, "instability": 0.0411, "median_gap_months": 1.7, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 21, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": 0.3 }, "cantonal": { "volume": 5, "publications": 2, "revisions": 3, "laws_in_force": 70, "laws_revised": 3, "churn": 0.0429, "instability": 0.0429, "median_gap_months": 1.7, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 21, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": 0.3 } }, "1830": { "all": { "volume": 5, "publications": 4, "revisions": 1, "laws_in_force": 77, "laws_revised": 1, "churn": 0.013, "instability": 0.013, "median_gap_months": 21.8, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "cantonal": { "volume": 4, "publications": 3, "revisions": 1, "laws_in_force": 73, "laws_revised": 1, "churn": 0.0137, "instability": 0.0137, "median_gap_months": 21.8, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null }, "federal": { "volume": 1, "publications": 1, "revisions": 0, "laws_in_force": 4, "laws_revised": 0, "churn": 0.0, "instability": 0.0, "median_gap_months": null, "lines_changed": 0, "words_changed": 0, "articles_in_revised_laws": 0, "weighted_churn": null, "word_churn": null, "article_churn": null } }, "1831": { "all": { "volume": 4, "publications": 3, "revisions": 1, "laws_in_force": 80, "laws_revised": 1, "churn": 0.0125, "instability": 0.0125, 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